According to Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) survey more than seven out of 10 Ghanaians representing 76 percent are in favour of election of Metropolitan, Municipal, District Chief Executives (MMDCEs).
“But only 20% want them to be appointed by the President”, the findings said.
The survey further noted that while over two-thirds of the respondents, representing 71 percent say MMDCEs should be elected on nonpartisan basis similar to that used in local government councillors’ election, only 20 percent opted for a partisan election format.
“Reasons given for the preference for non-partisan election format for MMDCEs include, ensuring competent persons get elected (29%); promotion of inclusivity/forestalling “winner-takes-all” challenges (22%); prevention of partisan influences/conflicts (21%), and promotion of transparency and accountability (19%)”, the findings noted.
But among the calls for partisan election of MMDCEs, majority of Ghanaians representing 54 percent believe the current format for local government election had been tainted by partisan influences and therefore must opened up to promote public interest in local elections.
Also, about 19 percent of Ghanaians also think it would promote responsiveness and development; 11 percent are sure that competent persons would get elected; and 10 percent stands right it would promote transparency and enable citizens to exact accountability from political parties.
Read the highlights of the report below:
Highlights of Findings from CDD-Ghana’s Local Government Survey (May 23 – June 3, 2021)
In early 2019, the President, Nana Akufo-Addo, introduced two bills seeking to achieve two major local government reforms in his bid to fulfil one of the 2016 campaign promises – amendment of Article 243[1] of the Constitution, which gives the President the power to appoint all Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Chief Executives (MMDCEs) to make these positions elective; and to hold a referendum to seek citizens support to amend Article 55[3] of the Constitution (an entrenched provision), which bans political parties from participating in local level elections and make such elections partisan.
However, in December of 2019, the referendum was suspended due to ‘a lack’ of broad national consensus and the then-Attorney General and Minister of Justice withdrew the Constitution Amendment Bills 2018 (meant to amend Articles 55[3] and 243[1], respectively) from parliament.
The Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana), conducted a local government survey to ascertain whether there still exists that high level of support for election of MMDCEs, assembly representatives (including the one-third appointees), and unit committee members; determine the election format (i.e. partisan, non-partisan, or any other) that appeals most to Ghanaians; and to find out citizens’ knowledge and evaluations of the local government system
Methodology
Every adult citizen had an equal chance of being selected for the survey. A nationally representative sample of 2,400 adult citizens were randomly selected.
The sample is distributed across regions and urban-rural areas in proportion to their share in the national adult population.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the language of the respondents’ choice using a standard English questionnaire which was translated into Twi, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani and Dagaare.
A sample size of 2,400 cases yields a margin of error of +/-2 percent at a 95% confidence level. Fieldwork (or data collection) was conducted from May 23 to June 3, 2021.
Highlights of the Findings
Local government functions, citizens’ perceptions and participation
Majority of Ghanaians correctly ascribe to some service delivery and local revenue mobilisation functions to MMDAs. However, they are split on whose responsibility it is to manage public health and keeping communities clean.
There seems to be a lack of connection between Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) and the community members. Large majorities of respondents say their MMDAs never held meetings with them to discuss salient issues such as local revenue mobilization, expenditures, service delivery, and development issues.
However, among the few respondents who had engagement with their MMDAs, majority found the interactions to be “very or somewhat useful”, giving an indication of strong opportunity for MMDAs citizens interface.
Generally, there is little or no engagement between Ghanaians and their formal and informal leaders, though engagement with traditional leaders, unit committee members and local government representatives is relatively better.
Similarly, (61%) of Ghanaians think that it is “very easy or easy” to get assembly men or women, unit committee members (57%) and traditional rulers or opinion leaders (52%) to listen to ordinary citizens as compared to district assembly and political party officials (29% each), government officials (15%) and MPs (12%).
Ghanaians are nearly equally divided in their opinions on whether the current system of electing assembly members is really non-partisan. While almost half representing 48 percent say the current system of electing assembly men and women to MMDAs is non-partisan, about a similar proportion like 43 percent say the current system is partisan.
Marginalised groups and traditional leaders’ involvement in local governance, there seems to be a strong approval for the full participation of marginalised groups – particularly women (89%), youth (89%), and persons with disabilities (77%) – in local governance processes.
Meanwhile, most Ghanaians want reservation of a number of seats in MMDAs for persons with the required knowledge and skills (91%); persons from marginalised groups – women (87%), youth (85%); and persons with disabilities, 78%).
Majority of Ghanaians representing 71 percent think traditional leaders should play a role in the administration of MMDAs.
Also, an appreciable majority representing 65 percent of respondents “strongly agree” or “agree” that traditional leaders have a better appreciation of the local political issues than ordinary people and should therefore have greater influence in MMDAs’ administration.
In general, Ghanaians negatively rated MMDAs performance in service delivery and revenue mobilization over the past five (5) years.
Majority of Ghanaians believe MMDAs have for the past five (5) years performed “very or fairly badly” in a number functions such as ensuring transparency and openness in the affairs of the Assembly which represents 75 percent and 78 percent are responding to development challenges of communities of time and soliciting inputs from community members into annual district development plans.
Above all, an overwhelming majority of Ghanaians consider MMDAs as lacking financial accountability and efficiency in the usage of the district assembly common fund (DACF) and internally generated revenue (IGR).
A huge majority which represents 88 percent of the citizens say they never had explanations from their MMDAs on how DACF was spent, 87 percent does not know how it was used to address key issues in the district, how local taxes, rates, fees and fines were spent (88%) and how it was used to tackle development needs of the district (87%).
